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2024-04-15 International Cooperation and Exchange of Perilla Industry International Cooperation and Exchange of Perilla Industry With the accelerated development of globalization, international cooperation and exchange are also playing an increasingly important role in the development of perilla industry. By integrating with international advanced technologies and expanding into cross-border markets, it can promote further innovation and enhance international competitiveness in the perilla industry. 1. International technical cooperation and exchange Strengthen technical cooperation and exchange with international perilla research institutions and enterprises, introduce advanced planting techniques, processing techniques, and marketing strategies from abroad, and improve the overall technical level of the perilla industry. At the same time, actively participate in international seminars, forums and other activities related to the perilla industry, understand the latest international technological trends and market trends, and provide strong technical support for the development of the industry. 2. Cross border market expansion and cooperation Actively expanding the international market, seeking cooperation opportunities with international perilla enterprises, and jointly developing overseas markets. By establishing international trade cooperation platforms and participating in international agricultural product exhibitions, we aim to strengthen our communication with international buyers and increase the international visibility and market share of perilla products. At the same time, gain a deep understanding of international market demand and consumption habits, continuously adjust and optimize product structure, and meet the diverse needs of the international market. 3. Cultural exchange and dissemination In

2024-04-15 Innovation in Perilla Planting Technology to Promote Sustainable Agricultural Development Innovation in Perilla Planting Technology to Promote Sustainable Agricultural Development In the field of agriculture, perilla, as a versatile economic crop, is becoming an important force in promoting sustainable agricultural development. In recent years, with the continuous innovation of planting technology, the yield and quality of perilla have been significantly improved, bringing higher economic benefits to farmers. In the traditional process of perilla cultivation, farmers often rely on natural conditions and traditional experience, lacking scientific planting management. However, with the continuous progress of agricultural technology, modern planting techniques have brought revolutionary changes to the cultivation of perilla. Firstly, growers began to adopt advanced soil management techniques, providing a better soil environment for the growth of perilla through measures such as rational fertilization and soil improvement. This can not only increase the yield of perilla, but also improve its quality, making it more in line with market demand. Secondly, the planting mode of perilla is also constantly innovating. Some regions have begun to adopt facility agriculture, by building greenhouses, greenhouses, and other facilities to provide a stable growth environment for perilla. This planting mode can effectively resist the impact of natural disasters, improve the disease and pest resistance of perilla, and ensure the stability of its yield and quality. In addition, modern planting techniques have provided new solutions for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in perilla. By introducing environmental protection measures such as biological and physical control, the use of chemical pesticides can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing environmental pollution. This not only helps to protec

2024-04-15 The prosperous development of perilla industry in Huanan County has become a new engine for increasing farmers' income The prosperous development of perilla industry in Huanan County has become a new engine for increasing farmers' income On the vast land of Northeast China, Huanan County has nurtured a prosperous perilla industry due to its unique geographical location and climatic conditions. In recent years, the Huanan County Party Committee and Government have seized the opportunity to promote the productization, industrialization, and branding of perilla, as well as the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This has not only promoted the increase of farmers' income, but also injected new impetus into regional development. Huanan County is located at 45 ° north latitude, which is the core area of the cold region perilla industry belt. The cold climate provides unique conditions for the growth of perilla, making the quality of perilla in Huanan County unparalleled. At present, Huanan County has the largest planting area of perilla in the country, with a planting base area of over 100000 acres. The annual yield of perilla seeds reaches 10000 tons, accounting for one-third of the total production in the country. In addition, the annual production of perilla stems and perilla leaves has reached 10000 tons and 10 billion pieces respectively, forming a very large-scale perilla industry chain. In order to further enhance the added value and market competitiveness of the perilla industry, Huanan County not only focuses on the cultivation of perilla, but also increases its research and development efforts on perilla products. Nowadays, the perilla products in Huanan County cover multiple types such as perilla oil, perilla sauce, and perilla tea. These products are not only popular in the domestic market, but also exported overseas, becoming a beautiful business card of Huanan County. In terms of industrial development, Huanan C

2024-04-15 The prosperous development of perilla industry in Huanan County has become a new engine for increasing farmers' income The prosperous development of perilla industry in Huanan County has become a new engine for increasing farmers' income On the vast land of Northeast China, Huanan County has nurtured a prosperous perilla industry due to its unique geographical location and climatic conditions. In recent years, the Huanan County Party Committee and Government have seized the opportunity to promote the productization, industrialization, and branding of perilla, as well as the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This has not only promoted the increase of farmers' income, but also injected new impetus into regional development. Huanan County is located at 45 ° north latitude, which is the core area of the cold region perilla industry belt. The cold climate provides unique conditions for the growth of perilla, making the quality of perilla in Huanan County unparalleled. At present, Huanan County has the largest planting area of perilla in the country, with a planting base area of over 100000 acres. The annual yield of perilla seeds reaches 10000 tons, accounting for one-third of the total production in the country. In addition, the annual production of perilla stems and perilla leaves has reached 10000 tons and 10 billion pieces respectively, forming a very large-scale perilla industry chain. In order to further enhance the added value and market competitiveness of the perilla industry, Huanan County not only focuses on the cultivation of perilla, but also increases its research and development efforts on perilla products. Nowadays, the perilla products in Huanan County cover multiple types such as perilla oil, perilla sauce, and perilla tea. These products are not only popular in the domestic market, but also exported overseas, becoming a beautiful business card of Huanan County. In terms of industrial development, Huanan County

2024-04-15 The inheritance and promotion of perilla culture The inheritance and promotion of perilla culture In addition to economic value and industrial development, perilla, as a plant with profound cultural heritage, its cultural inheritance and promotion are also of great significance. Perilla culture is a part of traditional Chinese culture, carrying rich historical information and folk customs. 1. Excavation of historical and cultural heritage Purple perilla is widely recorded in Chinese historical documents, from the ancient Book of Songs and Compendium of Materia Medica to various modern research works, and is an important cultural symbol. By delving into these historical documents, we can better understand the position and role of perilla in traditional Chinese culture, and provide historical basis for the development of modern perilla culture. 2. Inheritance of Folk Culture In many places, perilla is closely linked to folk activities. For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival in some areas, people will wrap Zongzi with perilla leaves, which means to ward off evil spirits and avoid epidemics and pray for health. These folk activities are not only an important component of perilla culture, but also an important way to inherit and promote perilla culture. 3. Inspiration for artistic creation The unique aroma and form of perilla provide rich inspiration for artistic creation. Whether it's painting, literature, or music, perilla can all become the theme of creation. Through artistic creation, we can convey the beauty and charm of perilla to more people, allowing more people to understand and love perilla. 4. Education popularization and publicity Strengthening the education, popularization, and promotion of perilla culture is also an important means of promoting perilla culture. Through various forms such as school education, social lectures, and media promotion, more

2024-04-15 The History and Culture of Perilla Oil The History and Culture of Perilla Oil Introduction Brief overview of the history and origin of perilla oil. Importance of understanding its cultural significance. Historical Perspective Detailed historical journey of perilla oil through different cultures and regions. Key events and periods that shaped its popularity and use.

2024-04-02 The influence of perilla in the international market is gradually expanding The influence of perilla in the international market is gradually expanding In recent years, perilla, as a herbaceous plant with rich nutritional value and unique flavor, has gradually expanded its influence in the international market. Its unique aroma and medicinal value have been increasingly favored and recognized by international consumers. With the increasing global health awareness, the health benefits of perilla have received widespread attention in the international market. More and more consumers are paying attention to the nutritional and health attributes of food, and perilla, as a Chinese herbal plant rich in various active ingredients, perfectly meets this market demand. The biological activities of perilla, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, have a positive effect on improving human health and preventing diseases, and are therefore favored by international consumers. Meanwhile, perilla has also been widely used in the international culinary field. Its unique aroma and taste bring a brand new flavor experience to international cuisine. Whether it's Asian cuisine, European cuisine, or American cuisine, perilla can perfectly blend with various ingredients to create a rich and colorful taste. This cross-cultural application has further promoted the popularization and development of perilla in the international market. In addition, the international trade of perilla is also showing a thriving trend. More and more countries and regions are beginning to import perilla products, and products such as perilla oil, perilla leaves, and perilla seeds are in short supply in the international market. This not only brings considerable economic benefits to the producing countries of p

2024-03-12 Jilin perilla ushers in the picking season: "golden leaves" compete for "fresh" exports Jilin perilla ushers in the picking season: "golden leaves" compete for "fresh" exports It is midsummer, the season for picking perilla. Villagers from Jiangnan Village, Yilaxi Town, Yongji County, Jilin Province are busy working together in the field, and the harvested leaves emit a refreshing fragrance. The cultivation of perilla in Jiangnan Village has a history of over a hundred years. In the 1990s, Yongji County learned that South Korea needed a large amount of Su seeds and saline Su leaves, and guided farmers to adjust their planting structure. To this day, the entire county has become the core planting area of perilla in Jilin Province, with an annual planting area of 500 hectares, a yield of 750000 kilograms of perilla seeds, and a yield of 1 million kilograms of perilla leaves. picture Zisu in Yongji County, Jilin Province is entering the picking season, and villagers are busy in the fields. Provided by the Propaganda Department of Yongji County Committee Jiang Nan Village Party Branch Secretary Zeng Xiangfu introduced that perilla is almost the "golden leaf" of the village, with only one-third of the amount of fertilizer used for corn and several times the price of corn. "The net income per hectare of land can reach 30000 to 40000 yuan, and farmers have a high enthusiasm for planting perilla. There are now three purchasing factories engaged in rough processing around the village," said Zeng Xiangfu. Equally busy is Zisu agent Li Taizhu. Starting from mid July, he frequently travels through various perilla planting villages every day. After rough processing, perilla leaves will be distributed in batches to South Korea. Li Taizhu said that perilla is a "magical crop", which is not only a traditional Chinese medicine but also a fragrant and delicious ingredient. "I purchase

2023-05-03 Exploration of diversified application of perilla Exploration of diversified application of perilla 1. The application of perilla in food culture Perilla, as a herbaceous plant with a unique aroma, plays an important role in Asian cuisine. Its leaves can be used as spices in cooking, adding a fresh aroma to food. In addition to the common appearance of perilla in traditional Japanese sushi, Korean kimchi and other dishes, it can also be explored to apply it to more dishes and drinks, such as perilla tea, perilla ice cream, etc., to enrich people's dietary choices. 2. The application of perilla in beauty and skincare The various active ingredients contained in perilla have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other effects, which have a positive effect on skin care. Therefore, perilla extract can be used in cosmetics and skin care products, such as perilla essential oil, perilla facial mask, etc., to help improve the state of the skin, enhance the luster and elasticity of the skin. 3. The application of perilla in the medical and health field Perilla has certain medicinal value and can be used to alleviate symptoms of some common diseases. For example, perilla can be used to treat diseases such as colds, coughs, and indigestion. In the future, further research can be conducted on the pharmacological effects of perilla, and more perilla drugs or health products targeting specific diseases can be developed to meet people's health needs. 4. Application of Perilla in Ecological Environment Protection Perilla, as a rapidly growing herbaceous plant, has certain ecological restoration functions. We can explore the application of perilla in ecological and environmental protection projects, such as soil remediation, soil and water conservation, etc. By planting plants such as perilla, soil quality can be improved, ecological environment can be protected,

2023-04-24 Culinary Uses of Perilla Oil Culinary Uses of Perilla Oil Introduction Open with an intriguing fact or story about perilla oil in cuisine. Introduce the oil as a versatile and flavorful addition to many dishes. Historical Background Discuss the historical use of perilla oil in various cuisines, especially in Asia. Highlight its significance in traditional recipes and its role in cultural identity.

2023-04-19 Research progress and future prospects of perilla Research progress and future prospects of perilla 1. Study on the chemical composition of perilla In recent years, with the continuous development of scientific research and technology, research on the chemical composition of perilla has become increasingly in-depth. It has been found that perilla contains various active ingredients, such as perilla alcohol, perilla aldehyde, perilla ketone, etc. These ingredients have various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. In the future, researchers can further study the chemical composition of perilla, discover more substances with potential medicinal value, and provide more scientific basis for the development and utilization of perilla. 2. Pharmacological studies on perilla In addition to studying the chemical composition of perilla, researchers can also further explore the pharmacological effects of perilla. For example, studying the therapeutic effects of perilla on diseases such as cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, as well as its pharmacological mechanisms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. Through in-depth research on the pharmacological effects of perilla, more theoretical support can be provided for its application in the medical field. 3. Genetic breeding research on perilla In order to improve the yield and quality of perilla, researchers can conduct genetic breeding research on perilla. By screening excellent varieties, optimizing planting techniques, and cultivating new varieties, the stress resistance, yield, and nutritional value of perilla can be improved. At the same time, modern biotechnology methods such as gene editing are utilized to genetically improve perilla and cultivate high-yield and high-quality perilla varieties that better meet market demand. 4. Research on Deep Proc

2023-04-17 The Health Benefits of Perilla Oil The Health Benefits of Perilla Oil Introduction Introduction to the health benefits of perilla oil. Brief overview of its nutritional composition. Nutritional Composition Detailed breakdown of the fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals in perilla oil. How these nutrients contribute to overall health.

2023-04-13 The health benefits and modern applications of perilla The health benefits and modern applications of perilla 1. The nutritional value of perilla Perilla, as a common herbaceous plant, not only has a rich aroma, but also is rich in various nutrients. It contains a large amount of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, E, calcium, iron, magnesium, etc. These nutrients play an important role in maintaining human health and enhancing immunity. 2. Health benefits of perilla Perilla has always been regarded as a medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine, with various medicinal effects. It can dispel wind and cold, promote qi circulation, detoxify and prevent miscarriage, and has a certain relieving effect on symptoms such as colds, coughs, asthma, and chest tightness. In addition, perilla also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological activities, which have certain potential for the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. 3. The application of perilla in modern food Due to its unique aroma and nutritional value, perilla has a wide range of applications in modern food industry. Perilla oil can be used for cooking and seasoning, increasing the taste and nutritional value of food. Perilla leaves can be consumed as vegetables and can also be used to make foods such as perilla tea and perilla sauce. In addition, perilla can also be used to make desserts such as ice cream and pastries, adding unique aroma and flavor to food. 4. Application of Perilla in Health Products and Cosmetics The antioxidant and nutritional components in perilla make it a high-quality raw material for health products and cosmetics. Perilla extract can be used to make skin care products, such as face cream, lotion, etc., with moisturizing, an

2023-04-12 The Ancient Origins of Perilla Oil The Ancient Origins of Perilla Oil Introduction Brief history of the perilla plant and its use in traditional medicine and cooking. Highlight its historical significance as a health-promoting food. Ancient Uses Describe the use of perilla oil in ancient Chinese, Japanese, and Korean medicine and cooking. Discuss its reputation as a sacred herb in some cultures.

2023-04-11 Innovative application of perilla in the field of healthy food Innovative application of perilla in the field of healthy food 1. Diversified development of perilla health food Perilla, as a ingredient with unique flavor and nutritional value, can be widely used in the field of healthy food. We can develop healthy snacks with perilla flavors, such as perilla cookies, perilla nuts, perilla chips, etc. These foods not only retain the nutritional components of perilla, but also have unique flavors and tastes. In addition, perilla can also be applied in the beverage industry, developing products such as perilla tea, perilla juice, and perilla soda to meet the taste needs of different consumers. 2. Nutritional Enhancement of Perilla Health Food In order to increase the nutritional value of perilla health food, it can be fortified with nutrients. For example, by adding perilla extract or perilla oil rich in nutrients, the nutritional content of food can be improved. This type of food not only satisfies consumers' pursuit of a healthy diet, but also provides rich nutritional support, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and blood pressure lowering. 3. Personalized customization of perilla health food With the increasing demand for personalized health food from consumers, personalized perilla health food can be customized according to the health needs of different populations. For example, for people who need to control blood sugar, low sugar and high fiber perilla health food can be developed; For people who need to enhance their immunity, food rich in immune active ingredients such as perilla polysaccharides and polyphenols can be developed. 4. Branding and Market Promotion of Perilla Health Food In order to enhance the market competitiveness of perilla health food, brand building and market promotion can be carried out. By creating a unique brand image, emphasizing the nutritional value and health benefits of perilla heal

2023-04-05 Perilla Oil: A Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Perilla Oil: A Rich Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Introduction Brief introduction to perilla oil and its popularity as a healthy cooking oil. Mention the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids and their importance in a balanced diet. Sources and Production D

2022-04-27 The expansion of perilla in the global market The expansion of perilla in the global market 1. Exploring the potential of international markets Perilla, as a plant with unique flavor and medicinal value, has a wide potential market worldwide. With the acceleration of globalization and the improvement of consumer health awareness, the demand for perilla in the international market continues to grow. Therefore, promoting the internationalization of perilla and exploring international markets is of great significance for the long-term development of the perilla industry. 2. Quality and standardization construction In order to meet the needs of the international market and improve the competitiveness of perilla products, it is necessary to strengthen the quality and standardization construction of perilla. This includes establishing quality standards and operating procedures for the entire process of planting, picking, processing, and storage of perilla, ensuring the quality and safety of perilla products. At the same time, strengthen the supervision and testing of the quality of perilla products, and improve the overall quality level of perilla products. 3. Brand building and marketing promotion Brand building and marketing promotion are crucial in the process of expanding international markets. By building the brand image of perilla and enhancing the popularity and reputation of perilla products, it can enhance consumer trust and recognition of perilla products. At the same time, diversified marketing methods such as social media, online platforms, exhibitions, etc. are utilized to promote and promote perilla products, attracting more international consumers to pay attention to and purchase perilla products. 4. Establishment of cooperation and alliances To enhance the i

2022-04-25 Perilla Oil for Skin Care Perilla Oil for Skin Care Introduction Introduction to the use of perilla oil in skin care. Highlight its nourishing and protective benefits for the skin. Skin Benefits Detailed discussion on the moisturizing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of perilla oil on the skin. Explanation of how its active ingredients help improve skin conditions such as dryness, wrinkles, and acne.

2022-04-19 Using Perilla Oil in the Home Kitchen Using Perilla Oil in the Home Kitchen Introduction Introduction to the versatility and convenience of using perilla oil in the home kitchen. Reminders on safety and moderation in its use. Culinary Uses Detailed discussion on the various uses of perilla oil in cooking, such as stir-frying, deep-frying, and salad dressings. Provision of simple and practical recipes for home cooks to try.

2022-04-14 The Future Development Trends of Perilla The Future Development Trends of Perilla 1. Diversified application development As a multifunctional plant resource, perilla has a very broad application prospect. In the future, the application fields of perilla will be further expanded, not only limited to the food and pharmaceutical fields, but also involving multiple fields such as cosmetics, health products, and ecological restoration. With the increasing attention of consumers towards health, environmental protection, and natural products, the multifunctional nature of perilla will make it more competitive in the market. 2. High value product development With the development of technology, the development of deep processing products of perilla will become a focus of future development. Through advanced extraction, separation, purification and other technological means, bioactive components with higher purity and stronger activity can be extracted from perilla, and high-end products with more market value can be developed, such as perilla essential oil and perilla capsules. 3. Intelligent planting management With the continuous development of intelligent agricultural technology, the planting management of perilla will also achieve intelligence. By applying technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, intelligent monitoring and regulation of the growth environment of perilla can be achieved, improving planting efficiency, reducing resource waste, and ensuring product quality. This will provide strong support for the sustainable development of the perilla industry. 4. Integrated development of industrial chain In the future, the perilla industry will gradually achieve integrated development of the industrial chain. By integrating p

2021-04-21 Development and utilization of the health value of perilla Development and utilization of the health value of perilla Perilla, as a plant with rich nutritional and medicinal value, has enormous potential for application in the field of health. By conducting in-depth research and developing the health value of perilla, more choices and guarantees can be provided for people's healthy lives. 1. Mining of Nutrients Perilla is rich in various nutrients, such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Through scientific research and experimental verification, further exploration of the nutritional components in perilla and study of its mechanism of action on human health can provide scientific basis for the development of perilla health products. 2. Development of medicinal value Perilla frutescens is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with medicinal effects such as relieving external heat, dispersing cold, promoting qi circulation, and relieving miscarriage. Through modern pharmacology and clinical research, the medicinal value of perilla can be further verified, and new drug formulations or healthy foods can be developed to meet people's needs for health management. 3. Development of functional products Based on the nutritional composition and medicinal value of perilla, a series of functional products can be developed, such as perilla oil, perilla tea, perilla health products, etc. These products can cater to different health needs, such as regulating blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, and antioxidation, providing consumers with personalized health solutions. 4. Promotion of healthy eating habits Perilla, as a healthy ingredient, can be widely used in daily diet. By promoting the healthy dietary culture of perilla and encouraging people to incorporate it into their daily diet, the consumption of perilla can be increased, thereby promoting the impro

2021-04-21 The Integration of Perilla in Traditional Culture and Modern Life The Integration of Perilla in Traditional Culture and Modern Life 1. The application of perilla in traditional cuisine Perilla, as a traditional seasoning and medicinal herb, has a long history and extensive application in traditional Chinese culture. In traditional cuisine, perilla is often used to cook dishes such as fish, meat, and vegetables, adding flavor and nutritional value to the food. For example, dishes such as stir fried fish and stewed meat with perilla utilize the aroma and medicinal properties of perilla to enhance the taste and health value of the dishes. 2. The symbolic significance of perilla in folk culture In some regions of China, perilla also carries rich symbolic meanings of folk culture. It is considered a symbol of auspiciousness and beauty, often used to celebrate holidays and special occasions. During the Dragon Boat Festival, people will hang perilla leaves in front of their doors, symbolizing warding off evil spirits and praying for peace. In addition, perilla is often used to make handicrafts such as sachets and wreaths, as decorations or gifts to give to others. 3. The application of perilla in modern home life In modern home life, perilla can also play an important role. Perilla can be planted in indoor flower pots or balconies, which can beautify the environment and purify the air. The aroma of perilla has a soothing and pleasant effect, which can relieve stress and improve mood. In addition, perilla can also be used to make indoor aromatherapy or essential oils, which can regulate physical and mental states and improve quality of life through aromatherapy. 4. Presentation of Perilla in Cultural and Creative Products With the rise of cultural and creative industries, perilla has gradually become a design inspiration and creative element. In the fields of clothing design, home decoration,

2021-04-21 The Environmental Impact of Perilla Oil Production The Environmental Impact of Perilla Oil Production Introduction Introduction to the environmental considerations of perilla oil production. Importance of sustainable and eco-friendly practices. Production Processes Detailed overview of the production process, including cultivation, harvesting, and extraction. Discussion on the environmental impacts of these processes.

2021-04-17 Research progress and future prospects of perilla Research progress and future prospects of perilla 1. Genetic breeding research With the continuous progress of modern biotechnology, significant achievements have been made in the genetic breeding research of perilla. Scientists can improve the traits of perilla more accurately through techniques such as gene editing and molecular marker assisted breeding, such as increasing yield, optimizing quality, and enhancing stress resistance. In the future, with the deepening of research, we are expected to cultivate new varieties that are more adaptable to different environments and market demands. 2. Research on bioactive ingredients Perilla contains abundant bioactive components, such as perilla alcohol and perilla aldehyde, which have various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Currently, scientists are conducting in-depth research on the mechanisms of action and biological functions of these components, in order to discover more potential medicinal value and health benefits. With the deepening of research, the bioactive components of perilla are expected to play a greater role in drug development, health product development, and other fields. 3. Research on Agricultural Ecology Perilla, as a plant with ecological restoration functions, is increasingly receiving attention for its role in agricultural ecosystems. Scientists are exploring the ecological niche and function of perilla in agricultural ecosystems by studying its interactions with other plants and microorganisms. These studies not only contribute to optimizing the structure and function of agricultural ecosystems, improving the sustainability of agricultural production, but also